Introduction: Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of mortality in developed countries. CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) is one of the therapeutic methods in ischemic heart disease.Methods and Materials: Considering the increased incidence of coronary artery disease in Iran, and with increased rate of CABG, we performed a cross sectioned study (1996-1999). In 635 patients 467 male (73.5 percent), 168 female (26.5 percent) about risk factors of mortality after CABG in cardiac surgery department "Imam Khomeini hospital. 20 risk factors were included in our study: age, gender, smoking, family history, diabetes mellitus, morbid obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, palpitation, renal failure COPD, (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), history of myocardial infarction, CHF, angina, cerebral vascular disease, pace maker, Ejection fraction<40 percent, history of PTCA, history of CPR, and coronary endarterectomy. Results: Cigarette smoking (P=0.40), CHF in female (P=0.003). Endarterectomy in both gender (P=0.0001). Pace maker in both gender (P=0.00006), palpitation in both gender (P=0.0001). CPR in both gender (P=0.0000001), were associated with increased risk of mortality after CABG. Conclusion: We found that, endarterctomy, cigarette smoking, CHF. Pace maker, CPR, and palpitation are important risk factors for mortality after CABG.

Objective(s): To determine One-month survival after CABG in Shariati Hospital.Methods: We followed 340 patients who underwent Isolated-CABG in Shariati Hospital and used survival analysis to compare common coronary risk factors and to assess surgical factors related to survival after CABG.Results: Smoking was more prevalent in males than in females but prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and hperlipidemia was greater in women. Female subjects were older, had greater Body Mass Index (BMI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and had undergone more non-elective surgery compared to males. Most patients had received 3 or 4 grafts (range 1-6 grafts). There was no difference in aortic cross clamp and anesthesia time between the two genders. Females were hospitalized for longer periods after surgery and their mortality rates were greater. One-month survival ratio estimated by the Kaplan Meier method was 97.1% and 88.4% in males and females respectively. The overall survival rate was 95.3%.Conclusion: The factors related to poor survival were: female gender, non-elective surgery, lengthy aortic cross clamp and anesthesia time and the history of: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, previous CABG and CCU hospitalization.

Background & Aim: Approximately 30% of all deaths in women are related to coronary artery diseases. In contrast to dramatic decrease in cardiovascular mortality achieved for men because of improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the past years, there has been a little- improvement for women. It seems that anatomic variations, or differences in coronary risk factors influences of gender on coronary artery disease presentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate coronary risk factors in women with established coronary artery disease. Materials & Methods: In this study, we selected 250 women with coronary artery disease randomly and evaluated magnitude of various risk factors and their weight and heigh for coronary artery disease and 114 patients with abnormal coronary angiography were assessed too. Results: Diagnosis of patient at presentation was included myocardial infarction (11.5%) and unstable angina (88.5%) All patients had risk factors of coronary artery disease. Diabetes mellitus 38.5%, hypertention 78%, cigarette smoking 27%, cholesterol >150 mg/dl in 98%, oral contraceptive 57%, family history for coronary artery disease in 28% and BMI >27 KG/M2 in 59.5% were distinguished. Discussion: In this study unstable angina was the most common presentation of coronary artery disease in women. There were three or more risk factors in most of patients. Factors associated. With higher cardiac risk were as follow respectively: dyslipidemia, hypertention, oral contraceptive, diabetes mellitus, and smoking.

Introduction: Depression is one of the Common psychological disorders. From the cognitive point of view, the unhealthy attitudes increase the severity of the depression. The aim of this study was to investigate depression and unhealthy attitudes in coronary patients hospitalized at Tabriz Shahid Madani Heart Center.Methods: One hundred twenty eight hospitalized patients having myocardial Infarctions were studied regarding unhealthy attitudes, severity of depression and demographic data.Results: The study showed a significant relation between unhealthy attitudes, BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) and severe depression. Moreover, a significant relation existed between gender and depression (P=0.0001). In addition, the level of education increased the intensity of unhealthy attitudes (P=0.0001). Several researches in both outside and inside Iran support the idea.Conclusion: Based on present study and more other investigations, it can be suggested to provide the necessary elements and parameters such as antidepressant medication, psychologists, complementary treatment for coping with negative mood and its unwanted consequences.

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic event is one of the most causes of death in the world. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one manifestation of atherosclerosis. It is well-known that several risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, hypertension (HTN), have effects on it. It is proposed that infection can lead to atherosclerosis or even make its process faster. Here, we discuss about the effect of some of infectious agents on the atherosclerosis and CAD.METHODS: In this study, first we did a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct using some related keywords such as atherosclerosis, CAD, myocardial infarction (MI), infection, and name of viruses and bacteria. After finding the related papers, we reviewed the correlation between some microbial agents and risk of CAD.RESULTS: Literature has reported several infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, and parasites) that can be associated with risk of CAD. This association for some of them like Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Chlamydia pneumonia (C. pneumoniae), and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a very strong. On the other hand, there are some other agents like influenza that still need to be more investigated through original studies. Furthermore, different mechanisms (general and special) have been reported for the association of each agent with CAD.CONCLUSION: Based on the studies in databases and our literature review, it is so clear that some microbes and infectious agents can be involved in the process of atherosclerosis.Therefore, controlling each type of infections especially among people with a traditional risk factor for atherosclerosis should be taken into account for reducing the risk of CAD and atherosclerosis.